Divided Capital NICOSIA

Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, is a city divided by a UN-monitored buffer zone known as the Green Line. This unique landscape reflects the island’s complex history since the Turkish invasion in 1974. Key sites like the Ledra Street Crossing symbolize both the challenges and the hope for reconciliation. Exploring Nicosia’s architectural heritage, one can discover the influences of the Ottoman, Venetian, and Lusignan eras, creating a captivating cultural duality. What lies beyond this divided capital?

Key Points

• Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, has been divided since the 1974 Turkish invasion, with the Green Line serving as a UN-monitored buffer zone.
• The Ledra Street Crossing is the main pedestrian checkpoint allowing passage between the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
• Nicosia’s architecture showcases the lasting influences of the Ottoman Empire, with numerous Ottoman buildings like mosques and inns dotting the city.
• Venetian-era buildings, such as the Buyuk Han, reflect Nicosia’s diverse heritage and create a harmonious architectural tapestry throughout the city.
• Remnants of the Lusignan reign, including the Selimiye Mosque and the Lapidary Museum, offer insights into Nicosia’s medieval past.

Overview of Nicosia’s Division

Although Nicosia is the capital and largest city of Cyprus, it’s also the last divided capital in Europe.

The city has been split since 1974 when Turkey invaded the northern part of the island. Since then, a UN-monitored buffer zone, known as the Green Line, has separated the Greek Cypriot south from the Turkish Cypriot north.

Attempts to reunite the island have failed, leaving Nicosia divided between the Republic of Cyprus and the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Despite the division, the city remains a vibrant cultural hub, with people from both communities interacting across the buffer zone.

The Ledra Street Crossing

The Ledra Street Crossing is the main pedestrian checkpoint between the divided sides of Nicosia. It sits on the historic Ledra Street, once a thriving commercial hub.

Today, the crossing separates the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. Travelers must present valid passports to cross the border.

The crossing is wheelchair and stroller accessible, with infant seats available. Guided tours often start and end here, providing insights into Nicosia’s complex history.

Despite the division, the crossing symbolizes hope, as checkpoints have opened and closed over the years, reflecting shifting political dynamics on the island.

Exploring Ottoman Influences

As part of the curated tour, visitors explore the lasting influence of the Ottoman Empire on Nicosia’s architecture and culture.

Once the capital of the Ottoman province of Cyprus, the city boasts numerous Ottoman buildings, including mosques, inns, and bazaars. The guide delves into how the Ottomans’ 300-year rule shaped Nicosia’s urban landscape and social fabric.

Highlights include the Büyük Han, a 16th-century caravanserai now home to artisan workshops, and the seldom-visited Arabahmet Mosque, notable for its intricate tilework.

Guests gain a deeper appreciation for the interplay of Ottoman, Venetian, and Cypriot heritage that defines Nicosia’s character.

The Venetian Architecture

Complementing the Ottoman architectural legacy, Nicosia’s Venetian-era buildings stand as a testament to the city’s diverse heritage. Exploring the medieval Venetian quarter, visitors marvel at the ornate facades, balconies, and arched windows that evoke the grandeur of the Republic’s influence. A prime example is Buyuk Han, a stunning caravanserai (inn) featuring a central courtyard surrounded by arcades and rooms. The Venetian architecture seamlessly blends with the city’s other distinctive styles, creating a harmonious tapestry that captivates all who wander through Nicosia’s winding streets.

Building	Style	Notable Features
Buyuk Han	Caravanserai	Central courtyard, arcades, rooms
St. John’s Cathedral	Gothic	Ornate façade, pointed arches
Venetian Column	Monument	Carved Venetian lion emblem
Municipal Market	Mercantile	Arched entrances, vaulted ceilings
Laiki Geitonia	Residential	Balconies, narrow alleyways

Remnants of Lusignan Reign

Remnants of the Lusignan reign dot Nicosia’s landscape, offering glimpses into the city’s medieval past. The Lusignans, a French dynasty, ruled Cyprus from 1192 to 1489.

Their architectural legacy can be seen in landmarks like the Selimiye Mosque, formerly the Cathedral of St. Sophia. Here, ornate Gothic details mingle with the mosque’s Islamic elements, a testament to Nicosia’s diverse heritage.

The Lapidary Museum displays Lusignan-era stonework, including funerary monuments and fragments of royal coats of arms.

Visitors can also explore the ruins of the Lusignan palace, once the seat of the Cypriot monarchy.

Byzantine Heritage in Nicosia

Nicosia’s Byzantine heritage is prominently showcased in its historic churches, which have endured the passage of time.

The Church of Panagia Chrysaliniotissa, dating back to the 14th century, is a prime example, featuring ornate Byzantine architecture and intricate frescoes.

Nearby, the Church of Archangel Michael boasts a stunning apse mosaic and serves as a testament to the city’s deep-rooted Christian tradition.

These sacred spaces provide a glimpse into Nicosia’s vibrant past, where Byzantine influences continue to shape the cultural fabric of this divided capital.

Navigating the Buffer Zone

As visitors explore the historic city of Nicosia, they’ll inevitably encounter the stark reality of the Buffer Zone – the heavily fortified, United Nations-controlled area that bisects the island nation.

This delicate no-man’s land serves as a Cold War relic, a physical manifestation of the division between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities.

To navigate the Buffer Zone, travelers must:

1. Prepare valid passports for checkpoint crossings.
2. Remain vigilant and follow instructions from security personnel.
3. Avoid taking photographs in sensitive areas.
4. Exercise caution and respect the fragile peace that lingers in this divided capital.

Experiencing the Cultural Duality

Moving beyond the stark divisions of the Buffer Zone, visitors to Nicosia can enjoy the city’s captivating cultural duality.

Private tours provide a personalized glimpse into the intermingling of Ottoman, Venetian, Lusignan, and Byzantine influences. Knowledgeable guides share deep insights, bringing to life the Greek and Turkish quarters, centuries-old landmarks, and everyday interactions between the island’s two communities.

With 100% traveler approval, these excursions offer a comprehensive yet nuanced understanding of Nicosia’s rich history and its modern identity as a divided capital grappling with the legacy of conflict.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is the Average Cost of a Meal in Nicosia?

The average cost of a meal in Nicosia, the capital city of Cyprus, can range from around €12 to €30, depending on the type of restaurant and cuisine. Prices for dining out tend to be moderate compared to other major European cities.

Can I Exchange Currency at the Border Crossing?

Yes, you can exchange currency at the Ledra Street border crossing where the tour meeting point is located. Travelers can easily convert their money before or after the private excursion in Nicosia.

Are There Any Organized Walking Tours in the Buffer Zone?

While the tour doesn’t include the buffer zone, there are organized walking tours in Nicosia that provide insights into the island’s history and culture on both sides of the divided capital. The meeting point is at the Ledra Street border crossing.

Can I Take Photos at the Checkpoints?

You can take photos at the checkpoints, but it’s best to get permission from the authorities first. The tour operator can provide guidance on taking pictures respectfully during the excursion.

What Is the Dress Code for Visiting Religious Sites?

When visiting religious sites on the tour, modest attire is recommended. This typically means covering shoulders and knees. The tour guide can provide more specifics to ensure you’re appropriately dressed for any religious stops along the way.

The Sum Up

Nicosia, the last divided capital in Europe, is a testament to Cyprus’ complex history. The Green Line, which separates the Republic of Cyprus from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, has created a unique cultural landscape. Despite the division, the city’s rich architectural heritage, from Ottoman to Venetian influences, reflects its diverse past. As visitors navigate the buffer zone, they’ll experience the duality of this island nation, where hope for reconciliation coexists with the remnants of a troubled history.